Abstract 

APPLICATIONS OF PROTEOMICS IN ANIMAL MODEL

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 1-14

Jagatheesh K, Pavankumar P, Elangovan N, Padmavathi P, Swathi D and Mary Tryphena

ABSTRACT

Proteomics is a relatively new approach for understanding the pathology and pathogenesis of various diseases. It has also been used for characterizing the modifications in protein expression during the development of diseases. Proteomics is defined as a scientific approach used to elucidate all protein species within a cell or tissue, and many researchers are taking advantage of proteomic technology to elucidate protein changes between healthy and diseased states. Animal model plays an important role in the proteomics technology to find out biomarkers, for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various diseases. There are several animal models used in proteomic studies they are Caenorhabditis elegans (worm), Drosophila melanogaster (fly), Mus musculus (mouse) and Canine. This review shows several applications of animal models in proteomics.

Keywords: Proteomics, Animal Models and Canine

Abstract 

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILES OF BACOPA MONNIERI: A Review

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 15-23

Sudharani D, Krishna KL, Deval K, Safia AK and Priya

 

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the use of herbal products has increased tremendously in the western world as well as in developed countries. One of the important medicinal plants, widely used therapeutically in the orient and becoming increasingly popular in the west is Bacopa monnieri, a well-known nootropic herb. The plant being traditional Ayurvedic medicine used for centuries as a memory enhancing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, sedative and antiepileptic agent. The present review summarizes current knowledge of pharmacological actions, major bioactive(s), reported mechanisms of actions and the possibility of interactions of the herb with the conventional drugs. Simultaneously, research updates as well as avenues for further research are also mentioned concerning the plant.

 

Keywords: Bacopa, Brahmi, Memory and Nootropic

Abstract 

TOXICOLOGY STUDIES OF ALCOHOL EXTRACT OF DERRIS BREVIPES VAR BREVIPES

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 24-28

Yuvaraj G, Sreedevi, JSK, Amruth, Raghu PS and Shankar S

 

ABSTRACT

 

Derris brevipes var brevipes, a common medicinal plant, has multiple uses in traditional system of medicine and in particular it is used as a memory-enhancing agent for centuries. The plant and its extracts have been evaluated for a number of activities like anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, sedative and neuron-muscular.  The plant extract was evaluated for the antimutagenicity and mutagenicity studies in order to confirm the safety of its usage. Ethanol extracts of Derris brevipes var brevipes, showed no mutagenicity up to 5 mg/plate when tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 strains with or without metabolic activation. On the other hand ethanol extract of Derris brevipes var brevipes, showed a significant protective effect against the mutagenicity induced by mutagen in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strain with or without metabolic activation. The results of these studies indicate that Derris brevipes var brevipes, is non-mutagenic in the Ames test, exhibit protection against the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinolene-1-oxide, sodium azide and 2-aminoflourene in TA98 and TA100 strain.

 

Keywords: Derris brevipes var brevipes, Antimutagenicity, Mutagenicity and Salmonella typhimurium

 

 

 

Abstract 

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF NEVIRAPINE FROM TABLETS BY RP-HPLC

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 29-33

Rohini P_, Madhusudhanareddy I, Gupta A, Lokeswara babu V and Sudharani G

 

ABSTRACT

 

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the estimation of nevirapine in tablets. The quantification was carried out on the symmetry C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer in the ratio of 65:35 v/v. The mobile phase pumped at a rate of 0.8 mL/min and the detection was carried out at 283 nm. The linearity was found to be in the range of 20-60 µg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 0.027µg/mL and 0.09µg/mL, respectively. The percentage recovery values were found to be in the range of 99.83-100.73%. Statistical analysis proves that the method was found to be simple, precise, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the routine quality control of nevirapine in formulations.

 

Keywords: Nevirapine, tablets and HPLC

 

Abstract 

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE DILTIAZEM HCl TABLETS BY USING ETHYL CELLULOSE AND ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE POLYMERS AS RETARDANT

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 34-39

Chowdary KPR, Satyanarayana KV, Siva Santhosh Kumar D and Deepthi Ganga Priya Y

 

ABSTRACT

 

The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate controlled release tablets of Diltiazem by a wet granulation method using Ethyl cellulose and Ethylene vinyl acetate as a retardant and chloroform (solvent for the polymer) as granulating fluid. The polymers were used at 2, 5 and 10 % concentrations in the formulae. Diltiazem release from the matrix tablets was slow and spread over a period of 12 h depending on the type of the polymer and its concentration. Based on values of correlation coefficient the drug release was found to be by diffusion mechanism following zero order kinetics. From ‘n’ values, tablets prepared with Ethylene vinyl acetate and ethyl cellulose followed Fickian and non-fickian diffusion mechanisms respectively. Among all the formulations CRF4 exhibited better controlled release for 12 hours, when compared to marketed tablets.

 

Keywords: Controlled Release Tablets, Diltiazem Hydrochloride, Ethyl Cellulose and Ethyl Vinyl Acetate

 

Abstract 

EVALUATION OF CARALLUMA FIMBRITA FOR ANALGESIC, ANTI INFLAMMATORY AND ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITIES

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 40-45

Saivasanthi V, Gowthamigoud, Swathi K, Aakruthi, Sowmya rani, Gupta A and Rao AS

 

ABSTRACT

 

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Analgesic, anti inflammatory & anxiolytic activities of the Caralluma fimbriata extract. In the evaluation of analgesic activity the model used was Eddy’s hot plate method in which the animals treated with Caralluma fimbriata and standard Pentazocin has significantly increased the latency period of jumping & paw licking when compared with control group animals. The anti – inflammatory activity was screened by Carageenan induced paw edema model in which the animals treated with testing drug and standard indomethacin has significantly reduced the inflammation when compared with carageenan induced inflammatory positive control  group animals. In the evaluation of anxiolytic activity the animals treated with the testing drug and standard diazepam has significantly raised the time spent in open arm and a number of entries when compared with control group animals in elevated plus maze model. Since all the animal models used in this study were well established models and used by many authors, so we can conclude that the extract of Caralluma fimbriata has the analgesic, anti inflammatory and anxiolytic activities.

 

Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Caralluma fimbriata and Elevated plus maze

 

Abstract 

HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOTS AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 46-53

Suneetha B, Pavan Kumar P, Prasad KVSRG, Vidyadhara S and Sambasiva Rao KRS

 

ABSTRACT

 

In the present study, methanolic root extract of Mimosa pudica (M. pudica) (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was used to screen the hepatoprotective activity. Biochemical parameters like serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and serum bilirubin were measured. The activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes namely lipid peroxidation, catalase, reduced glutathione and histopathological evaluation of liver sections were also done. Carbon tetrachloride administration in rats elevated the levels of SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol and bilirubin. Administration of the methanolic root extract of the Mimosa pedicure at a dose (400mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) prevented this increase. The activity of anti-oxidant enzymes like catalase and reduced gltathione was decreased and malondialdehyde content was increased in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-treated group. The enzyme levels of catalase and reduced GSH were significantly (P<0.01) increased and malondialdehyde content significantly ( p < 0.001 ) decreased in the group treated with M. pudica at a dose of 400mg/kg. Histopathological studies revealed that the concurrent administration of carbon tetrachloride with the M. pudica extract exhibited protection of the liver tissue. The study has confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of M. pudica, which may be attributed to its antioxidant property.

 

Keywords: Mimosa pudica, Hepato protective, Silymarin, SGOT, SGPT, Bilirubin and Antioxidant

 

Abstract 

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE MICROCAPSULES

Int J Pharma., 2011, 1(1), 54-58

Vishnu P, Ravindrababu B, Sudheer B,   Shireesh Kiran R and Naveen babu K

 

ABSTRACT

 

Verapamil hydrochloride microcapsules prepared with sodium alginate, carbopol and magnesium start in different ratios of polymers with the drug by the iconic Gelation Technique and the prepared microcapsules were evaluated for size range, drug content, drug release profiles, and kinetics of drug release. All the microcapsules were discrete, free flowing, and reproducible with respect to size distribution and drug content. The maximum percentage of the microcapsules belonged to the size range of 500µm. Drug release from the microcapsules (MC1 andMC2) was 94-97 % in first 6 hours, with the initial burst of nearly 50% within one hour. Drug release from microcapsules (MC3 and MC4) was 90-95% and sustained up to 8 h with initial burst of 50-54 % in first 6 h, resulted with increase in cross-linking time for 5-6 hours, Drug release from microcapsules (MC5 and MC6) sustained the drug release up-to 12 hours, with an initial burst release of 35-37 % within first one hour with increase in cross-linking time for 5-6 hours and addition of magnesium stearate (2-4 %w/w) and cumulative release of over 90-93% and indicated that the drug release from the microcapsules was found to be slow and spread over an extended drug release. Based on r² values the drug release followed first order kinetics and diffusion mechanism. Drug release from the microcapsules depends on the composition of the coat, cross linking time and also influenced by magnesium stearate.

 

Keywords: Verapamil Hydrochloride, Calcium channel blocker, Hypertension, Angina pectoris, Cardiac arrhythmias, Microcapsules and Sustained release